Nemzetközi szemle: Június

Közlekedési vagyongazdálkodás – a 11. Nemzeti Konferencia összefoglalása

Transportation Asset Management – Summary of the 11th National Conference
Szerző(k):
K.F. Turnbull
Transportation Research Board, USA
Terjedelem: 34 oldal

The 11th National Conference on Transportation Asset Management was held in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on July 10–12, 2016. Organized by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, the conference was supported by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the Federal Transit Administration, and the Transportation Asset Management Pooled Fund project. Speakers at the conference highlighted the advancements and improvements being made in transportation asset management programs at the state, regional, metropolitan, and local levels. Information on the innovative approaches being used by transit and other modes was interwoven throughout the conference. These approaches are addressing emerging issues, local needs, and federal requirements to ensure the best use of limited resources for transportation and transit investment decisions. Asset management programs are addressing climate change and extreme weather events, engaging diverse stakeholders in ongoing conversations, and using more robust and timely data. Programs are expanding to include risk assessments, vulnerability evaluations, and return on investment (ROI) analyses. Asset management is also being considered from a regional perspective in some areas. This summary highlights the key elements from the conference. Comments from speakers in the opening session are presented first. The five track leaders’ comments on the discussion of the topics addressed in the breakout sessions are summarized in the closing session.

 

Integrált folyosó menedzsment és az okos város forradalom: a szinergiák hasznosítása

Integrated Corridor Management and the Smart Cities Revolution: Leveraging Synergies
Szerző(k):
D. Newton, C. Vick, K. Raboy, A. Pearmine. E. Hubbard
Leidos, DKS Associates, USA
Terjedelem: 28 oldal

Because smart cities and integrated corridor management (ICM) are so fundamentally similar in terms of their requirements and objectives, this primer focuses on opportunities for co-deployment synergies and how approaches and lessons learned from one initiative can be translated to the other. The institutional relationships, operational processes, and technical methods developed as part of the successful ICM deployment may be extended across different regions and across different public service areas as part of a broader smart cities program. Both ICM and the smart cities philosophies share the same challenges inherent in coordinating among various stakeholders. This primer is intended to encourage these groups to think broadly about how to go about creating smart cities and how integrated corridor management can help achieve each stakeholder group’s goals.

 

Gyalogos keresztezési beavatkozások alkalmazása utcákon és főutakon

Application of Pedestrian Crossing Treatments for Streets and Highways
Szerző(k):
L. Thomas, N.J. Thirsk, C.V. Zegeer
University of North Carolina, USA
Terjedelem: 160 oldal

Pedestrian safety and mobility in the United States are in a constant state of growth and change. Increasing national, state, and local priorities to increase walking generate an even greater need to improve safety for pedestrians. New traffic control devices, designs, research, and guidance continually emerge. In their efforts to encourage more walking, some jurisdictions may also consider a variety of goals such as energy conservation, congestion mitigation, community livability, and economic equity, whereas others have not embraced such goals. As a result, pedestrian safety policies and practices often differ widely among cities and states, with little uniformity and sometimes without optimal conditions for pedestrians. This study compiles information on the state of existing practices regarding application of pedestrian crossing improvements, and does not produce new guidance. However, many key resources and tools, as well as examples of emerging state and local guidance and practices, are highlighted throughout the report.

 

Korszerű autópálya üzemeltetés a stratégiai kutatás segítségével

Advancing Freeway Operations Through Strategic Research
Szerző(k):
TRB Committee on Freeway Operations
Transportation Research Board, USA
Terjedelem: 81 oldal

As an integral part of the surface transportation network, freeways are the backbone of a nation’s roadway system and play an essential role in providing safe and efficient transportation services for commuting, commercial, and recreational movement of drivers, riders, and shippers. Freeways also serve as the major transportation infrastructure that facilitates government transportation needs (e.g., emergency service providers, first responders, military, and security) and assist quick responses to weather-related, natural disasters and human-caused emergencies. Freeways in the United States have improved dramatically since they initially were built and have become more complex, with the implementation of intelligent transportation system (ITS) features such as advanced detection, surveillance, information dissemination, and telecommunications. The overarching objective of freeway management programs is to minimize congestion and improve the safety of the traveling public. The Transportation Research Board (TRB) Freeway Operations Committee’s Millennium Paper states that “freeway operations and management, in its broadest context, entails a program to combat congestion and its damaging effects: driver delay, inconvenience and frustration, reduced safety, and deteriorated air quality.” The key to freeway management and operation is to keep freeway capacity and the vehicular demand on a freeway in balance. The most-effective way to combat congestion is to take action before traffic flow deteriorates and congestion forms. Ideally, agencies should consider comprehensive programs of operational improvements, active transportation management, and active demand management techniques on the freeway to prevent traffic flow from breaking down and congestion from forming. Even with the most severe examples, these programs can delay the onset of congestion and speed the recovery from it, therefore minimizing the inefficiencies that congestion causes.

 

Útmutató autópályák menedzselt használatú sávjainak kialakításához

Guidelines for Implementing Managed Lanes
Szerző(k):
K. Fitzpatrick, M. Brewer, S. Chrysler, N. Wood, B. Kuhn, G. Goodin, C. Fuhs, D. Ungemah, B. Perez, V. Dewey, N. Thompson, C. Swenson, D. Henderson, H. Levinson
Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Chuck Fuhs LLC, WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff, Wallingford, USA
Terjedelem: 167 oldal

Managed lanes are highway facilities or a set of travel lanes where operational strategies – such as pricing (e.g., tolls, value pricing), vehicle eligibility (e.g., vehicle occupancy, vehicle type), access control (e.g., limited entry/exit points, use of shoulders), traffic control (e.g., variable speed limits, reversible lanes), or a combination of these—are proactively implemented. Managed lanes employ operating strategies for the proactive management of both the facility and travel demand in a continuing effort to improve or maintain system performance. Given the expanding development of managed lanes, there is a growing need for a better understanding of the unique planning, design, operations, and maintenance procedures and how these various procedures interact. Managed lanes have unique aspects related to financing, project delivery, public outreach, enforcement, and system integration that should be considered in each step of the development process. NCHRP Research Report 835: Guidelines for Implementing Managed Lanes fills that void with a comprehensive set of guidelines addressing a broad array of issues affecting design, implementation, operation, and maintenance of managed lanes. Steps range from defining initial objectives, outlining the necessary decision-making process, and addressing safety concerns, through the process of detailed design configuration and operation. These guidelines can serve as the primary reference on managed lanes -complementing other national guidelines—and they are applicable to practitioners at all levels of experience when designing and implementing managed lanes on freeways and expressways.

 

Az autópályák menedzselt használatú sávjainak kialakítási útmutatója fejlesztését támogató kutatás

Research Supporting the Development of Guidelines for Implementing Managed Lanes
Szerző(k):
K. Fitzpatrick, M. Brewer, T. Lindheimer, S. Chrysler, R. Avelar, N. Wood, D. Ungemah, C. Swenson, C. Fuhs
Texas A&M Transportation Institute, WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff, Chuck Fuhs LLC, USA
Terjedelem: 344 oldal

Numerous domestic and international agencies either have constructed or are planning managed lanes; each facility is unique and presents issues and challenges because these facilities are often implemented in high-demand, congested, or constrained corridors. There has been no singular guidance to assist transportation agencies implementing managed lanes; various guides contain some information on managed lanes, but they do not explicitly address the wide range of issues and complexity associated with managed lanes in sufficient detail to serve as a national guide on the subject. The objective of NCHRP Project 15-49 was to develop guidelines for the planning, design, operations, and maintenance of managed lanes. The final product—Guidelines for Implementing
Managed Lanes—will become the primary reference on managed lanes and complement other national guidelines. It was designed to be applicable to practitioners at all levels of experience with managed lanes and to be used to support informed decision-making. The scope of this project was limited to managed lanes on freeways and expressways. In Phase I of this project, the research team compiled existing information from published literature and existing manuals and policy documents, emphasizing sources published in the last 10 years. Researchers also discussed current practices with practitioners in group and individual settings to document guidance needs that the practitioners identified. Using information obtained in these activities, in Phase II, the research team conducted a series of focused studies to fill identified knowledge gaps on design decision-making, trade-offs of geometric design elements, access design, and factors that affect speed on managed lanes. The activities and findings of the research team on those tasks, along with potential research needs and suggested changes to existing reference documents, are documented in this report and its appendices.

Kerékpáros infrastruktúra és forgalmi torlódások: Washington DC fővárosi közösségi kerékpárhasználat tapasztalatai

Bicycle infrastructure and traffic congestion: Evidence from DC’s Capital Bikeshare
Szerző(k):
T.L. Hamilton, C.J. Wichman
University of Richmond, Resources for the Future, USA
Terjedelem: 47 oldal

This study explores the impact of bicycle-sharing infrastructure on urban transportation. Accounting for selection bias in a matching framework, we estimate a causal effect of the Capital Bikeshare on traffic congestion in the metropolitan Washington, DC, area. We exploit a unique traffic dataset that is finely defined on a spatial and temporal scale. Our approach examines within-city commuting decisions as opposed to traffic patterns on major thruways. Empirical results suggest that the availability of a bikeshare reduces traffic congestion upwards of 4% within a neighborhood. In addition, we estimate heterogeneous treatment effects using panel quantile regression. Results indicate that the congestion-reducing impact of bikeshares is concentrated in highly congested areas.

 

Előre gyártott beton burkolat csomóponti demonstrációs project Texasban

Texas Precast Concrete Pavement Intersection Demonstration Project
Szerző(k):
S. Tayabji, W. Brink
Applied Research Associates, Inc. USA
Terjedelem: 35 oldal

The production use of precast concrete pavement (PCP) has come a long way over the last 15 years. The technology is gaining wider acceptance in the U.S. for rapid repair and rehabilitation of concrete pavements as well as for heavily trafficked asphalt concrete pavements and intersections. Several U.S. highway agencies, including Caltrans, Illinois Tollway, and the New Jersey, New York, and Utah State Departments of Transportation, have implemented the PCP technology, and other agencies have constructed demonstration projects. In the U.S., the PCP technology is being used on concrete pavements for intermittent repairs (full-depth joint repairs or full panel replacement) and for continuous applications (longer length/wider area rehabilitation) with service life expectations of at least 20 years for intermittent repairs and at least 40 years for continuous applications, without significant future corrective treatment. The use of PCP on asphalt pavements includes the replacement of ramps, intersections and bus pads. This case study report provides details of the 2016 PCP use for rehabilitation of a distressed asphalt concrete pavement at the intersection of Route 97 and Route 72 in McMullen/LaSalle County, Texas.

 

Burkolatgazdálkodási rendszerek: fogjuk munkára az adatokat

Pavement Management Systems: Putting Data to Work
Szerző(k):
K.A. Zimmerman
Applied Pavement Technology, Inc. USA
Terjedelem: 94 oldal

Pavement management systems are recognized as important tools to help transportation agencies optimize the use of available funding, better communicate funding needs, and more objectively manage their pavement network. This synthesis documents current pavement management practices in state and provincial transportation agencies. The report focuses on the use of pavement management analysis results for resource allocation, determining treatment cost-effectiveness, program development, and communication with stakeholders. Information used in this study was gathered through a literature review and a survey of state departments of transportation and Canadian provincial transportation agencies. Follow-up interviews with selected agencies provided additional information.