Nemzetközi szemle: Április
A rendszeres biztonsági elemzés mennyiségi megközelítésű útmutatójának fejlesztése
Developing a Guide for Quantitative Approaches to Systemic Safety Analysis
Szerző(k): D.J. Torbic, J.M. Hutton, K.K. Silverman, D.W. Harwood
MRIGlobal, Jacobs, Harwood Road Safety, LLC, USA
Link: http://www.trb.org/main/blurbs/181590.aspx
Terjedelem: 94 oldal
Kivonat:
As an alternative (or supplement) to the hot-spot approach, the systemic safety management approach is intended to help agencies base safety investment decisions on estimates of long-term average crash frequencies rather than short-term random fluctuations in crash frequencies. The systemic safety management approach is used to program implementation of proven safety treatments, primarily low cost, across a large number of sites to reduce crash potential using crash prediction models or rating systems based on roadway features correlated with particular severe crash types. While systemic methods do not focus on the crash history at specific sites, methods can consider crash history data in an appropriate way so that potentially valuable information represented by actual crash histories is not ignored.
A rendszeres biztonsági elemzés mennyiségi megközelítésű útmutatója
Guide for Quantitative Approaches to Systemic Safety Analysis
Szerző(k): D.J. Torbic, J.M. Hutton, K.K. Silverman, D.W. Harwood
MRIGlobal, Jacobs, Harwood Road Safety, LLC, USA
Link: http://www.trb.org/main/blurbs/181589.aspx
Terjedelem: 111 oldal
Kivonat:
NCHRP Research Report 955 provides guidance to state departments of transportation (DOTs) and other transportation agencies on how to apply a systemic safety management approach for identifying safety improvement projects. The report focuses on crash types that occur with high frequency across the roadway network but are not concentrated at individual locations, which tend to be overlooked when ranking sites using a traditional crash-history-based safety management approach. The guide and training materials will be of immediate use to safety practitioners in state DOTs, Metropolitan Planning Organizations, and local agencies.
Az elérhetőség emberközpontú megközelítése
A People-Centred Approach to Accessibility
Szerző(k): K. Martens
International Transport Forum OECD
Link: https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/people-centred-accessibility.pdf
Terjedelem: 28 oldal
Kivonat:
This paper discusses two variants of the accessibility paradigm for transport planning. The extensive paradigm aims to radically overhaul transport planning to incorporate issues of environmental quality, urban sprawl, safety and health. Its adoption is unlikely in the medium term and raises questions about the role of the transport planner. The limited paradigm calls for transport planning to adopt accessibility indicators in place of mobility indicators. However, this will not meet the underlying goals of the accessibility critique. A change in the focus of transport planning is needed from the functioning of transport networks to the service that differently placed people receive from the transport system.
Az elérhetőség mérése – módszerek és problémák
Measuring Accessibility – Methods and Issues
Szerző(k): E. Miller
International Transport Forum OECD
Link: https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/measuring-accessibility-methods-issues_1.pdf
Terjedelem: 24 oldal
Kivonat:
This paper discusses the current state of transport accessibility measurement. It demonstrates that all commonly used measures are special cases of a generic accessibility model that conforms to a few fundamental axioms. The paper also shows that accessibility measures are fundamentally tied to travel behaviour. These ties should be explicitly recognised and exploited to construct theoretically defensible and practically useful measures.
Az okos mobilitási folyosók útmutatójának előkészítése: keretek és eszközök a közlekedés és területfelhasználás koordinálásának mérésére, megértésére és megvalósítására
Toward a Guide for Smart Mobility Corridors: Frameworks and Tools for Measuring, Understanding, and Realizing Transportation Land Use Coordination
Szerző(k): B. Appleyard, J. Stanton, C. Allen
Mineta Transportation Institute USA
Link: https://transweb.sjsu.edu/sites/default/files/1805-Appleyard-Smart-Mobility-Corridors.pdf
Terjedelem: 74 oldal
Kivonat:
The coordination of transportation and land use (also known as “smart growth”) has been a long-standing goal for planning and engineering professionals, but to this day it remains an elusive concept to realize. Leaving us with this central question – how can we best achieve transportation and land use coordination at the corridor level? In response, this report provides a review of literature and practice related to sustainability, livability, and equity (SLE) with a focus on corridor-level planning. Using Caltrans’ Corridor Planning Process Guide and Smart Mobility Framework as guideposts, this report also reviews various principles, performance measures, and place typology frameworks, along with current mapping and planning support tools (PSTs). The aim being to serve as a guidebook that agency staff can use for reference, synergizing planning insights from various data sources that had not previously been brought together in a practical frame.
A jövőbeni fenntartási és rehabilitációs anyagok egységárait előre becslő statisztikai modell fejlesztése a közúti élettartam költség elemzés számára
Development of a Statistical Model to Predict Materials’ Unit Prices for Future Maintenance and Rehabilitation in Highway Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Szerző(k): C. Kim, G. Khan, B. Nguyen, E.L. Hoang
Mineta Transportation Institute USA
Link: https://transweb.sjsu.edu/sites/default/files/1806-Khan-Predict-Material-Prices-Pavement-LCCA.pdf
Terjedelem: 82 oldal
Kivonat:
The main objectives of this study are to investigate the trends in primary pavement materials’ unit price over time and to develop statistical models and guidelines for using predictive unit prices of pavement materials instead of uniform unit prices in life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for future maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) projects. Various socio-economic data were collected for the past 20 years (1997–2018) in California, including oil price, population, government expenditure in transportation, vehicle registration, and other key variables, in order to identify factors affecting pavement materials’ unit price. Additionally, the unit price records of the popular pavement materials were categorized by project size (small, medium, large, and extra-large). The critical variables were chosen after identifying their correlations, and the future values of each variable were predicted through time-series analysis. Multiple regression models using selected socio-economic variables were developed to predict the future values of pavement materials’ unit price. A case study was used to compare the results between the uniform unit prices in the current LCCA procedures and the unit prices predicted in this study. In LCCA, long-term prediction involves uncertainties due to unexpected economic trends and industrial demand and supply conditions. Economic recessions and a global pandemic are examples of unexpected events which can have a significant influence on variations in material unit prices and project costs. Nevertheless, the data-driven scientific approach as described in this research reduces risk caused by such uncertainties and enables reasonable predictions for the future. The statistical models developed to predict the future unit prices of the pavement materials through this research can be implemented to enhance the current LCCA procedure and predict more realistic unit prices and project costs for the future M&R activities, thus promoting the most cost-effective alternative in LCCA.
A híd vagyongazdálkodás mérnöki útmutatója
Engineering Guideline to Bridge Asset Management
Szerző(k): B. Wright, T. Pape, P. Shaw
Austroads Australia
Link: https://austroads.com.au/publications/bridges/ap-g94-21
(letölthető ingyenes regisztrációval)
Terjedelem: 149 oldal
Kivonat:
Asset management is defined by ISO 55000 (2014) as ‘the coordinated activity of an organisation to realise value from assets’, where the definition and measure of value can vary significantly depending on the service required. To assist asset owners and managers in the management of their assets, there are many documents available that provide good foundational guidance, such as the International Infrastructure Management Manual (IIMM, 2015). However, much of the information in these guides is often generic and not always easily applied to a specific asset, such as bridges. Therefore, this Guideline was developed to build on those foundational documents to provide specific asset management guidance for road bridges, and promotes an engineering approach (engineering principles, knowledge, experience and modelling tools) as being the only robust method for understanding the current and future, condition and needs of a bridge network. Based on the principles of ISO55000 and the IIMM, the Guideline defines best practice asset management for bridges over their lifecycle in a manner that will provide a transparent link between investment and outcomes. It includes the definition of a specific and detailed asset management framework for bridges, covering the core elements of that framework with bridge specific examples and underpinned by risk management protocols in keeping with ISO 31000.
Közösségi közlekedési hálózatok újra tervezése egy új mobilitási jövő számára
Redesigning Transit Networks for the New Mobility Future
Szerző(k): L. Byala, S. Johnson, R. Slocum, A. Zalewski, J. Weiland, L. Culp, B. Eby, P. Lewis, G. Calves, D. Sampson
Foursquare Integrated Transportation Planning, Inc., Eno Center for Transportation, AECOM, USA
Link: https://www.nap.edu/download/26028
Terjedelem: 157 oldal
Kivonat:
This report—a follow on to TCRP Synthesis 140: Comprehensive Bus Network Redesigns— attempts to dig deeper into the details of conducting a bus network redesign, leveraging many interviews with representatives of transit agencies of all sizes across the country that are currently conducting or have recently conducted a bus network redesign. It also considers the impact of new mobility that was touched on in the synthesis. This report has two major sections. Section 1—Chapters 1 through 6—is the research report on bus network redesign and new mobility. Section 2—Chapter 7 and Chapter 8—contains the following resources: (1) case studies of bus network redesigns at four transit agencies, and (2) toolkits to help transit agencies and stakeholders plan and implement bus network redesign, supporting bus as a mode of choice as part of a bus network redesign, and working with the private sector for the new mobility components of a bus network redesign.